A mathematical model for an efficient two-tiered delivery system with truck-robot combination

Abstract

This study investigates a novel two-tiered approach for efficient last-mile deliveries in urban logistics, addressing the critical challenges of high delivery costs, traffic jams, and pollution in urban areas. The proposed mathematical model integrates a truck-and-robot delivery method focusing on optimizing parcel distribution from depots to strategically chosen parking spots. Autonomous devices, such as robots, are dispatched from these spots for final delivery, improving operational efficiency. A pivotal element of this delivery strategy is the en-route charging of robots during the truck’s journey, complemented by charging at parking locations, collectively heightening the efficiency of the entire delivery process. The paper presents a detailed single-objective optimization model aimed at minimizing delivery costs while ensuring timely deliveries within specified time windows. This model is specifically designed for the truck-and-robot system in the context of last-mile logistics. The findings indicate that this innovative approach can substantially lower delivery costs and reduce urban traffic congestion, contributing positively to sustainable city logistics solutions.